What are the different ways to configure Spring applications?

beginner

Re-explain

Spring supports three configuration approaches:

XML-based configuration: Traditional XML files
Annotation-based configuration: Using annotations like @Component, @Autowired
Java-based configuration: Using @Configuration classes

// Java-based configuration
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public UserService userService() {
        return new UserService(userRepository());
    }
    
    @Bean
    public UserRepository userRepository() {
        return new UserRepository();
    }
}

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