Blockchain security relies on several key properties:
Cryptographic Hashing: Each block contains a unique hash that changes if any data in the block is modified. SHA-256 is commonly used.
Hash Chaining: Each block references the hash of the previous block, creating an immutable chain.
Digital Signatures: Transactions are signed using private keys, ensuring authenticity and non-repudiation.
Decentralization: Multiple nodes maintain copies of the ledger, making it resistant to single points of failure.
Consensus Mechanisms: Network participants must agree on the validity of new blocks before they're added.
Merkle Trees: Efficiently organize transaction data and enable quick verification without downloading the entire block.
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