An array is a fixed sequence of elements of the same type, laid out back to back in one contiguous block of memory. Because every element takes the same number of bytes, the array only needs to remember its starting address and its length.
That layout is why arrays feel so simple. The values sit next to each other in order, with no gaps and no pointers linking them. A five-element integer array is just five integers packed tightly, one after another.
The packing has real consequences. Reading nearby elements is fast, since the CPU pulls in whole cache lines at once. The cost is rigidity: the block is one piece, so you cannot cheaply grow it in place when neighboring memory is already taken.
Rewriting in plainer words…
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