SQL Server data types are categorized into:

Numeric Types: INT, BIGINT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, DECIMAL, NUMERIC, FLOAT, REAL, MONEY
String Types: VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, CHAR, NCHAR, TEXT, NTEXT
Date/Time Types: DATE, TIME, DATETIME, DATETIME2, SMALLDATETIME, DATETIMEOFFSET
Binary Types: BINARY, VARBINARY, IMAGE
Other Types: BIT, UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, XML, JSON (SQL Server 2016+)

Example:

CREATE TABLE Employee (
    ID INT,
    Name NVARCHAR(50),
    Salary DECIMAL(10,2),
    HireDate DATETIME
);