Explain the main components of Prometheus architecture.

beginner

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Prometheus architecture consists of several key components:

Prometheus Server: Core component that scrapes and stores metrics, serves queries
Client Libraries: For instrumenting application code to expose metrics
Pushgateway: For short-lived jobs that can't be scraped directly
Exporters: Proxy metrics from third-party systems (node_exporter, blackbox_exporter)
Alertmanager: Handles alerts sent by Prometheus, manages routing, grouping, and notifications
Service Discovery: Mechanisms to automatically discover targets
Grafana: Common visualization layer (though separate project)

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