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Showing of 49What is Dart and why does Flutter use it?
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Dart is a programming language developed by Google. Flutter uses Dart because:
- Ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation for fast startup and execution
- Just-in-time (JIT) compilation enabling hot reload during development
- Garbage collection optimized for UI frameworks
- Single-threaded model with async support, perfect for UI applications
- Familiar syntax similar to Java/JavaScript, making it easy to learn
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Explain the concept of "Everything is a Widget" in Flutter.
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In Flutter, widgets are the basic building blocks of the UI. Everything you see on the screen is a widget - text, buttons, layouts, even the app itself. This includes:
- Structural elements (like Text, Button)
- Layout elements (like Row, Column, Stack)
- Styling elements (like Padding, Theme)
This unified approach simplifies development and makes the UI predictable and composable.
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What are the main types of widgets in Flutter?
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Flutter has two main types of widgets:
StatelessWidget: Immutable widgets that don't change once built
class MyWidget extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text('Hello World');
}
}
StatefulWidget: Widgets that can change their appearance in response to events
class Counter extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_CounterState createState() => _CounterState();
}
class _CounterState extends State<Counter> {
int count = 0;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text('Count: $count');
}
}
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Explain the difference between StatefulWidget and StatelessWidget with examples.
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StatelessWidget: Used when the UI doesn't need to change
class WelcomeMessage extends StatelessWidget {
final String name;
WelcomeMessage(this.name);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text('Welcome, $name!');
}
}
StatefulWidget: Used when the UI needs to change based on user interaction or other events
class ToggleButton extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_ToggleButtonState createState() => _ToggleButtonState();
}
class _ToggleButtonState extends State<ToggleButton> {
bool isPressed = false;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => setState(() => isPressed = !isPressed),
child: Text(isPressed ? 'ON' : 'OFF'),
);
}
}
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Explain the difference between MainAxis and CrossAxis in Flutter layouts.
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In layout widgets:
- MainAxis: Primary direction of the layout
- CrossAxis: Perpendicular to the main axis
For Row: MainAxis is horizontal, CrossAxis is vertical
For Column: MainAxis is vertical, CrossAxis is horizontal
Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center, // Vertical alignment
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, // Horizontal alignment
children: [Text('Item 1'), Text('Item 2')],
)
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What is the difference between Container and SizedBox?
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Container: Multi-purpose widget for decoration, sizing, and positioning
Container(
width: 100,
height: 100,
color: Colors.blue,
padding: EdgeInsets.all(8),
child: Text('Hello'),
)
SizedBox: Lightweight widget specifically for sizing and spacing
SizedBox(
width: 100,
height: 100,
child: Text('Hello'),
)
Use SizedBox for simple sizing; Container when you need decoration or complex styling.
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What is setState() and how does it work?
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setState() is the most basic way to update the UI in a StatefulWidget. It tells Flutter that the widget's state has changed and the UI needs to be rebuilt.
void _incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
_counter++; // Modify state inside setState
});
}
Important: Only call setState() in StatefulWidget, and only modify state variables inside the setState() callback.
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Explain the difference between Navigator.push() and Navigator.pushNamed().
How do you pass data between screens in Flutter?
What is the difference between SingleChildScrollView and ListView?
What are Futures in Dart and how do you handle them?
What is FutureBuilder and when should you use it?
What is the difference between hot reload and hot restart?
What is the widget tree and how does Flutter render widgets?
What is the BuildContext and why is it important?
What are Keys in Flutter and when should you use them?
What are the limitations of setState() and when should you consider other state management solutions?
Explain Provider pattern and how it works in Flutter.
What is the difference between push, pushReplacement, and pushAndRemoveUntil?
Explain the difference between Flexible and Expanded widgets.
What is the difference between MediaQuery and LayoutBuilder?
How do you create responsive layouts in Flutter?
What is the difference between async/await and then()?
What is a Stream and how do you use it in Flutter?
What causes performance issues in Flutter apps?
How do you optimize ListView performance?
What is the const keyword and why is it important for performance?
What is the difference between debug, profile, and release modes?
How do you handle platform-specific code in Flutter?
What are the different types of testing in Flutter?
How do you mock dependencies in Flutter tests?
How do you handle app lifecycle in Flutter?
How do you implement pagination in Flutter?
What are GlobalKeys and when should you use them?
How do you handle different screen sizes and orientations?
What are some best practices for Flutter development?
What is BLoC pattern and how does it differ from Provider?
What is Riverpod and how does it improve upon Provider?
What is Navigator 2.0 and how does it differ from Navigator 1.0?
How do you profile and debug performance issues?
What are Platform Channels and how do you use them?
What is Clean Architecture and how do you implement it in Flutter?
What is MVVM pattern and how does it work with Flutter?
What are Isolates and when should you use them?
What is the difference between compute() and Isolate.spawn()?
What are Slivers and how do you use them?
How do you create custom animations in Flutter?
What is a RenderObject and when would you create custom ones?
How do you optimize Flutter app for release?
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Flutter cheatsheet
- Flutter Fundamentals01
- Dart Language Essentials02
- Widgets03
- Common Widgets04
- State Management05
- Navigation & Routing06
- Async Programming07
- HTTP & APIs08
- Local Storage09
- Forms & Validation10
- Animations11
- Platform-Specific Code12
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