What is message queuing and why is it important in distributed systems?

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Message queuing is an asynchronous communication pattern where messages are stored in a queue until processed by consumers. It enables decoupling between producers and consumers.

Key benefits:

Decoupling: Producers and consumers operate independently
Reliability: Messages persist even if services fail
Scalability: Add more consumers to handle increased load
Fault tolerance: System continues operating during service failures
Load balancing: Work distributed across multiple consumers

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