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Rate Limiting & Throttling.
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01

What is rate limiting and why is it important in web applications?

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Rate limiting is a technique used to control the number of requests a client can make to a server within a specific time window. It's crucial for several reasons:

  • Resource Protection: Prevents server overload by limiting concurrent requests
  • Security: Mitigates brute force attacks, DoS attacks, and API abuse
  • Fair Usage: Ensures equitable resource distribution among users
  • Cost Control: Prevents excessive usage that could lead to high infrastructure costs
  • Quality of Service: Maintains consistent performance for all users
    Example: Limiting a user to 100 API calls per hour or 10 login attempts per minute.
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02

What's the difference between rate limiting and throttling?

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While often used interchangeably, there are subtle differences:
Rate Limiting:

  • Hard limits on requests within a time window
  • Typically rejects requests that exceed the limit
  • Binary approach: allow or deny
    Throttling:
  • Controls the rate at which requests are processed
  • May delay requests rather than reject them
  • Can introduce artificial delays to smooth traffic
    Example: Rate limiting returns HTTP 429 when limit exceeded, while throttling might queue requests and process them at a controlled pace.
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03

What HTTP status code is typically returned when rate limiting is triggered?

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HTTP 429 "Too Many Requests" is the standard status code for rate limiting.
Common headers included with 429 responses:

  • Retry-After: Time to wait before making another request
  • X-RateLimit-Limit: Maximum requests allowed
  • X-RateLimit-Remaining: Requests remaining in current window
  • X-RateLimit-Reset: When the rate limit window resets
HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
X-RateLimit-Limit: 1000
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 0
X-RateLimit-Reset: 1640995200
Retry-After: 3600
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Intermediate 9
04

Name and briefly explain the four main rate limiting algorithms.

Part of Pro
05

How would you implement rate limiting at different levels of an application?

Part of Pro
06

Implement a simple token bucket rate limiter.

Part of Pro
07

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fixed window vs sliding window rate limiting?

Part of Pro
08

Explain the sliding window log algorithm and its trade-offs.

Part of Pro
09

How do you handle rate limiting when using load balancers?

Part of Pro
10

What's the difference between rate limiting and circuit breakers? When would you use each?

Part of Pro
11

How do you test rate limiting functionality effectively?

Part of Pro
12

How do you monitor and alert on rate limiting effectiveness?

Part of Pro
Expert 10
13

How would you implement distributed rate limiting using Redis?

Part of Pro
14

What challenges arise when implementing rate limiting in a microservices architecture?

Part of Pro
15

Explain how to implement rate limiting with Redis Cluster for high availability.

Part of Pro
16

How would you implement adaptive rate limiting that adjusts based on system load?

Part of Pro
17

How would you implement rate limiting for GraphQL APIs where query complexity varies?

Part of Pro
18

Describe strategies for handling rate limiting in mobile applications with poor connectivity.

Part of Pro
19

Design a rate limiting system for a social media platform that handles 1 billion requests per day.

Part of Pro
20

How would you implement rate limiting for a real-time chat application?

Part of Pro
21

How do you implement rate limiting for streaming data and real-time applications?

Part of Pro
22

What are the security implications of rate limiting and how do you address them?

Part of Pro

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