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of 102How does Vue.js differ from React and Angular?
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Vue vs React:
- Vue has a gentler learning curve and more approachable syntax
- Vue uses templates by default while React uses JSX
- Vue has built-in state management (Vuex/Pinia) while React relies on external libraries
- Vue provides more built-in features out of the box
Vue vs Angular: - Vue is more lightweight and flexible than Angular
- Angular is a full framework while Vue is progressive
- Vue has simpler syntax and less boilerplate code
- Angular uses TypeScript by default, Vue supports it optionally
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What is the Vue instance and how do you create one?
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A Vue instance is the root of every Vue application. It's created using the createApp() function and contains the application's data, methods, and configuration.
import { createApp } from 'vue'
const app = createApp({
data() {
return {
message: 'Hello Vue!'
}
},
methods: {
greet() {
alert(this.message)
}
}
})
app.mount('#app')
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Explain the concept of reactivity in Vue.js
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Reactivity in Vue.js means that when data changes, the DOM automatically updates to reflect those changes. Vue achieves this through a reactive system that tracks dependencies and triggers updates when data changes.
Vue 3 uses ES6 Proxies to implement reactivity, which allows it to detect property additions, deletions, and array mutations that weren't possible in Vue 2's Object.defineProperty approach.
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What happens in the `created` vs `mounted` lifecycle hooks?
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created:
- Component instance is created
- Data, computed properties, methods, and watchers are set up
- DOM is not yet available
- Good for: API calls, setting up data, initializing non-DOM related logic
mounted: - Component is mounted to the DOM
- DOM is fully available and accessible
- Child components are also mounted
- Good for: DOM manipulation, integrating third-party libraries, accessing DOM elements
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What are the different types of data binding in Vue?
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1. Text Interpolation:
<span>{{ message }}</span>
2. Attribute Binding:
<div :id="dynamicId"></div>
<div v-bind:class="className"></div>
3. Two-way Binding:
<input v-model="message" />
4. Event Binding:
<button @click="handleClick">Click me</button>
<button v-on:click="handleClick">Click me</button>
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Explain the difference between `v-show` and `v-if`
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v-if:
- Conditionally renders element (adds/removes from DOM)
- Higher toggle cost
- Lazy - doesn't render if initially false
- Use when condition rarely changes
v-show: - Always renders element, toggles CSS
displayproperty - Higher initial render cost
- Always present in DOM
- Use when toggling frequently
<div v-if="isVisible">Rendered conditionally</div>
<div v-show="isVisible">Always in DOM, visibility toggled</div>
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How does `v-for` work and what are its best practices?
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v-for renders lists of elements based on source data:
<!-- Array iteration -->
<li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">{{ item.name }}</li>
<!-- Object iteration -->
<li v-for="(value, key) in object" :key="key">{{ key }}: {{ value }}</li>
<!-- Number iteration -->
<span v-for="n in 10" :key="n">{{ n }}</span>
Best practices:
- Always use
:keywith unique, stable identifiers - Avoid using index as key when list can change
- Don't use
v-forandv-ifon the same element
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Explain the concept of computed properties
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Computed properties are cached reactive values that update only when their dependencies change. They're declarative and automatically track their reactive dependencies.
computed: {
fullName() {
return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName
},
expensiveValue() {
// This will only re-run when dependencies change
return this.items.filter(item => item.price > 100)
}
}
Benefits:
- Caching for performance
- Declarative and readable
- Automatic dependency tracking
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What's the difference between computed properties and methods?
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Computed Properties:
- Cached based on dependencies
- Only re-evaluate when dependencies change
- Should be pure functions (no side effects)
- Accessed like properties
Methods: - Execute every time they're called
- Can have side effects
- Called like functions
- Good for event handlers and actions
computed: {
reversedMessage() {
return this.message.split('').reverse().join('')
}
},
methods: {
reverseMessage() {
this.message = this.message.split('').reverse().join('')
}
}
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How do you define a component in Vue?
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Global Registration:
app.component('my-component', {
template: '<div>A custom component!</div>'
})
Local Registration:
import MyComponent from './MyComponent.vue'
export default {
components: {
MyComponent
}
}
Single File Component (.vue):
<template>
<div>{{ message }}</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'MyComponent',
data() {
return {
message: 'Hello from component'
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
div {
color: blue;
}
</style>
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What are props and how do you validate them?
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Props are custom attributes used to pass data from parent to child components:
export default {
props: {
// Basic syntax
title: String,
// With validation
age: {
type: Number,
required: true,
validator(value) {
return value >= 0
}
},
// With default value
message: {
type: String,
default: 'Hello World'
},
// Array or object defaults must use factory function
tags: {
type: Array,
default: () => []
}
}
}
Prop validation types:
- String, Number, Boolean, Array, Object, Date, Function, Symbol
- Custom constructor functions
- Array of types:
[String, Number]
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Explain the difference between props and data
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Props:
- Data passed from parent component
- Read-only (should not be mutated)
- External data source
- Validated by Vue
Data: - Component's internal state
- Mutable and reactive
- Local to the component
- Initialized in
data()function
export default {
props: ['message'], // From parent
data() {
return {
localMessage: '' // Component's own data
}
}
}
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How do you emit custom events from a child component?
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Use $emit to send events from child to parent:
// Child component
export default {
emits: ['customEvent'], // Declare emitted events (Vue 3)
methods: {
handleClick() {
this.$emit('customEvent', 'some data')
}
}
}
<!-- Parent template -->
<child-component @custom-event="handleCustomEvent" />
// Parent component
methods: {
handleCustomEvent(data) {
console.log('Received:', data)
}
}
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How do you use Pinia stores in components?
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// In component
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
export default {
setup() {
const counter = useCounterStore()
return {
counter
}
}
}
<template>
<div>
<p>Count: {{ counter.count }}</p>
<p>Double: {{ counter.double }}</p>
<button @click="counter.increment">Increment</button>
</div>
</template>
Destructuring with reactivity:
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
const counter = useCounterStore()
const { count, double } = storeToRefs(counter)
const { increment } = counter
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What is Vue Router and how do you set it up?
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Vue Router is the official routing library for Vue.js applications. It enables navigation between different views/pages.
Setup:
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import Home from './views/Home.vue'
import About from './views/About.vue'
const routes = [
{ path: '/', component: Home },
{ path: '/about', component: About }
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
// In main.js
app.use(router)
In template:
<template>
<div>
<router-link to="/">Home</router-link>
<router-link to="/about">About</router-link>
<router-view />
</div>
</template>
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How do you implement programmatic navigation?
How do you compute values in the Composition API?
What are Single File Components (SFCs) and their benefits?
What is Vue DevTools and how does it help in development?
How do you handle component naming conflicts?
How do you implement a toggle functionality?
How do you implement a search filter?
What is the purpose of `ref` attribute?
How do you implement conditional classes in Vue?
What is the Virtual DOM and why does Vue use it?
Explain the Vue component lifecycle hooks
When would you use `beforeDestroy`/`beforeUnmount` hook?
How do you access a component's parent or child components?
What is the purpose of the `key` attribute in Vue?
What is `v-model` and how does it work internally?
How do watchers work in Vue and when should you use them?
What are modifiers in Vue directives?
What are slots and how do they work?
What are scoped slots and when would you use them?
How do you handle dynamic components in Vue?
What is the `keep-alive` component and when would you use it?
What are the different ways components can communicate in Vue?
Explain the provide/inject pattern
What are mixins and what are their limitations?
How do you create and use composables in Vue 3?
What is Vuex and when should you use it?
Explain the Vuex store structure
What are Vuex mutations and why must they be synchronous?
How do Vuex actions differ from mutations?
What is Pinia and how does it differ from Vuex?
How do you handle dynamic routes in Vue Router?
What are navigation guards and when would you use them?
How do you handle nested routes in Vue Router?
What are route meta fields and how are they used?
What is the Composition API and why was it introduced?
How does the `setup()` function work?
Explain `ref` vs `reactive` in Vue 3
What are lifecycle hooks in the Composition API?
How do you watch data in the Composition API?
What is `defineProps` and `defineEmits` in script setup?
How do you access template refs in the Composition API?
How do you implement lazy loading in Vue?
How do you test Vue components?
How do you test Vuex stores?
How do you mock API calls in Vue component tests?
What is the difference between shallow and mount in Vue Test Utils?
What is Vite and how does it differ from Vue CLI?
How do you configure Vue 3 with TypeScript?
How does CSS scoping work in Vue?
What is Nuxt.js and how does it extend Vue?
How do you implement internationalization (i18n) in Vue?
What is the difference between `nextTick` and `$nextTick`?
What are Vue 3 Fragments and how do they work?
How do you implement infinite scrolling in Vue?
How do you implement drag and drop functionality?
How do you implement real-time features with WebSockets?
How do you implement form validation in Vue?
What are the differences between Vue 2 and Vue 3?
What are the best practices for Vue.js development?
What is the purpose of `$forceUpdate()`?
How do you create a global event bus in Vue 3?
What is the difference between `v-if` and `v-for` priority?
What is `$attrs` and `$listeners` in Vue?
What are transition groups in Vue?
How do you use script setup with TypeScript in Vue 3?
What is Pinia and how does it compare to Vuex?
What are the different ways to optimize Vue.js performance?
How does Vue's reactivity system work under the hood?
What is `v-memo` and when should you use it?
What is virtual scrolling and how would you implement it?
How do you handle memory leaks in Vue applications?
What are render functions and when would you use them?
How do you create custom directives in Vue?
What are functional components and their use cases?
How do you implement server-side rendering (SSR) with Vue?
What are Web Components and how does Vue support them?
How do you implement micro-frontends with Vue?
What are the security considerations in Vue applications?
How do you handle error boundaries in Vue?
How do you optimize bundle size in Vue applications?
What is Suspense in Vue 3 and how do you use it?
How do you implement a plugin system in Vue?
What are the performance implications of deep watching?
How do you implement component composition patterns?
How do you handle component testing with mocked dependencies?
How do you migrate from Vue 2 to Vue 3?
How do you implement advanced component composition patterns in Vue 3?
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Vue.js cheatsheet
Vue.js Interview Cheat Sheet
- Summary01
- Core Concepts02
- Directives03
- Components04
- Lifecycle Hooks05
- Computed Properties & Watchers06
- Composition API07
- Vue Router08
- State Management (Pinia)09
- Reactivity System10
- Advanced Patterns11
- Performance Optimization12
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