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of 30What is LDAP and what does it stand for?
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LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. It's a protocol used to access and maintain distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network. LDAP is based on the X.500 directory standard but is simplified and designed to run over TCP/IP.
LDAP serves as a centralized repository for storing and retrieving directory information such as user accounts, groups, organizational units, and other network resources. It uses a hierarchical tree-like structure called Directory Information Tree (DIT) to organize data.
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Explain the LDAP directory structure and naming conventions.
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LDAP uses a hierarchical tree structure where:
- Root: The top of the directory tree
- DN (Distinguished Name): Unique identifier for each entry (e.g.,
cn=John Doe,ou=Users,dc=company,dc=com) - RDN (Relative Distinguished Name): The leftmost component of DN (e.g.,
cn=John Doe) - DC (Domain Component): Represents DNS domain parts
- OU (Organizational Unit): Logical divisions within the directory
- CN (Common Name): Usually represents the object name
Example DN: cn=admin,ou=IT,ou=Departments,dc=acme,dc=com
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What are the standard LDAP operations?
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LDAP supports several standard operations:
- Bind: Authenticate to the LDAP server
- Search: Query the directory for entries
- Add: Create new entries
- Modify: Update existing entry attributes
- Delete: Remove entries from the directory
- ModifyDN: Rename or move entries
- Compare: Check if an entry has a specific attribute value
- Unbind: Terminate the LDAP session
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What is the difference between LDAP and LDAPS?
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- LDAP: Standard protocol running on port 389, transmits data in plain text
- LDAPS: LDAP over SSL/TLS, runs on port 636, encrypts all communication
LDAPS provides security benefits including:
- Data encryption in transit
- Server authentication
- Protection against eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks
Alternative to LDAPS is LDAP with StartTLS, which begins as plain LDAP on port 389 and then upgrades to encrypted communication.
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What is Active Directory and how does it differ from LDAP?
What are the main components of Kerberos?
What is the difference between authentication and authorization?
Explain the concept of Single Sign-On (SSO) and its benefits.
What are security groups vs distribution groups in Active Directory?
How do you reset a computer account password in Active Directory?
What is an LDAP schema and why is it important?
Explain LDAP search filters with examples.
Explain the concepts of Domains, Trees, and Forests in Active Directory.
What are Active Directory trusts and what types exist?
What is Group Policy and how does it work?
What is the Global Catalog and why is it important?
Explain how Kerberos authentication works.
What are Service Principal Names (SPNs) and why are they important?
Explain the principle of least privilege in IAM.
How would you troubleshoot LDAP authentication failures?
Explain how to configure LDAP over SSL/TLS.
How would you monitor Active Directory performance?
How do you integrate LDAP with different applications?
Explain Active Directory replication and its types.
What is ticket delegation in Kerberos and what types exist?
What tools would you use to diagnose Active Directory replication problems?
What is LDAP referral and how does it work?
Explain cross-forest authentication scenarios.
What are the security considerations for LDAP implementations?
How do you design a highly available LDAP/AD infrastructure?
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Identity & Access Management (LDAP/AD/Kerberos) cheatsheet
Identity & Access Management (IAM) System Administration Cheat Sheet
- Summary01
- 1. IAM Fundamentals02
- 2. Authentication Methods03
- 3. Identity Protocols & Standards04
- 4. Access Control Models05
- 5. Single Sign-On (SSO)06
- 6. Privileged Access Management (PAM)07
- 7. Zero Trust Security Model08
- 8. Cloud IAM09
- 9. Security Best Practices10
- 10. Common Interview Topics11
- 11. Troubleshooting Guide12
- + 3 more inside
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