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Replication Strategies.
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01

What is replication in distributed systems?

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Replication is the process of maintaining multiple copies of data across different nodes or servers in a distributed system. The primary goals are to improve availability, fault tolerance, and performance by ensuring that if one node fails, the data remains accessible from other nodes.

Key benefits include:

  • High Availability: System remains operational even if some nodes fail
  • Fault Tolerance: Data is preserved even during hardware failures
  • Performance: Reduced latency by serving data from geographically closer replicas
  • Load Distribution: Multiple nodes can handle read requests simultaneously
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02

What's the difference between replication and sharding?

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Replication involves copying the same data to multiple nodes, while sharding involves splitting different portions of data across multiple nodes.

  • Replication: Each node contains a complete copy of the dataset

    • Node A: {user1, user2, user3}
    • Node B: {user1, user2, user3}
  • Sharding: Each node contains a subset of the data

    • Node A: {user1, user3}
    • Node B: {user2}

Replication focuses on availability and fault tolerance, while sharding focuses on horizontal scaling and performance for large datasets.

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03

Explain the master-slave replication model.

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Master-slave replication involves one primary node (master) that handles all write operations, while one or more secondary nodes (slaves) receive copies of the data and typically handle read operations.

How it works:

  1. All writes go to the master node
  2. Master propagates changes to slave nodes
  3. Reads can be served from either master or slaves
  4. If master fails, one slave can be promoted to master

Advantages:

  • Simple to implement and understand
  • Consistent writes (single point of truth)
  • Read scalability through multiple slaves

Disadvantages:

  • Single point of failure for writes
  • Write bottleneck at master
  • Potential data loss during failover
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04

What is eventual consistency?

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05

What is log shipping and how does it differ from streaming replication?

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Intermediate 12
06

What is synchronous vs asynchronous replication?

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07

Describe master-master (multi-master) replication.

Part of Pro
08

What is logical vs physical replication?

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09

Explain the CAP theorem and its implications for replication.

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10

What are the different levels of consistency in distributed systems?

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11

How does replication impact read and write performance?

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12

What is read-after-write consistency and how do you implement it?

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13

How do you monitor replication lag?

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14

How does MySQL replication work internally?

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15

What are the differences between statement-based and row-based replication?

Part of Pro
16

How does PostgreSQL streaming replication work?

Part of Pro
17

What is the difference between active-active and active-passive replication?

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Expert 9
18

How do you handle write conflicts in multi-master replication?

Part of Pro
19

What are vector clocks and how are they used in replication?

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20

What is the split-brain problem and how do you prevent it?

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21

Explain the concept of write quorum and read quorum.

Part of Pro
22

What are Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)?

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23

How do you implement cross-datacenter replication?

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24

How do you handle schema changes in a replicated environment?

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25

What are the considerations for handling large object replication?

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26

How do you implement multi-region replication with disaster recovery?

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